Mar 24, 2025

Tuberculosis: Understanding, Preventing, and Managing it Together.

By Aditi Tibarewala

Nutritionist, Diabetes Educator

In 2023 alone, an estimated 10.8 million people worldwide fell ill with tuberculosis (TB). That’s a staggering number—but there’s hope. TB is curable, preventable, and with the right knowledge, you can protect yourself and your loved ones.

Yes! We Can End TB: Commit, Invest, Deliver.

At Origins Nutra, we believe that wellness starts with awareness. So let’s talk about TB—not just as a medical condition, but as something we can face with knowledge, care, and community support.

So, what exactly is Tuberculosis?

TB is an infectious disease caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lungs and spreads through the air when someone with active TB coughs, sneezes, or talks.

The good news is that:

TB does not spread through casual contact, sharing utensils, or touching surfaces.
TB is preventable and treatable with proper care.

Around one-quarter of the global population carries inactive TB bacteria. This means they have the bacteria in their body but aren’t sick or contagious. In most cases, the immune system keeps the bacteria under control.

While TB can be serious, most people with the bacteria don’t develop symptoms. Only 5–10% of those infected will go on to develop the disease.

In certain countries, the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is given to babies and young children to prevent severe forms of TB and reduce the risk of death.

Types of Tuberculosis: Active vs. Inactive TB

1. Active TB:
This is when TB bacteria are actively multiplying in your body, causing symptoms and making you contagious. Without proper treatment, active TB can spread to others and damage your lungs or other organs

2. Inactive TB (Latent TB):

In this stage, TB bacteria are present in your body but remain dormant. People with inactive TB don’t feel sick and can’t spread the infection. However, if their immune system weakens, inactive TB can become active.

Who’s at Risk?

While TB can affect anyone, certain factors or conditions increase a person’s risk:

Weakened immune system (from conditions like HIV or diabetes)
Poor nutrition or malnourishment
Smoking or existing lung issues
Healthcare workers who are frequently exposed to TB patients
Living in crowded or poorly ventilated spaces

By strengthening your immune system and staying informed, you can lower your risk.

Symptoms of Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis symptoms can vary depending on whether the infection is active or inactive.

Common symptoms of active TB in the lungs include:

A persistent cough lasting 3 weeks or longer
Chest pain
Coughing up blood or mucus

Other symptoms of active TB may include:

Fatigue and weakness
Unexplained weight loss
Loss of appetite
Chills and fever
Night sweats

While TB most often affects the lungs, it can also impact other parts of the body like the kidneys, brain, spine, or skin, with symptoms depending on the affected area.

If you experience any of these signs, it’s important to seek medical advice promptly. Early detection can make a big difference in treatment and recovery.

How is Tuberculosis Diagnosed?

Doctors use several tests to diagnose TB. These include:

Skin Test (Mantoux Test): A small amount of TB protein is injected under your skin. After 48-72 hours, the doctor checks for a reaction to see if you’ve been exposed to TB.
Blood Test (IGRAs): This test checks your blood sample to see how your immune system responds to TB bacteria.
Chest X-ray: This helps detect lung damage or signs of active TB infection.
Sputum Test: A sample of mucus from your lungs is tested to confirm the presence of TB bacteria.
If you experience TB symptoms or have been in contact with someone diagnosed with TB, these tests can help provide clarity and guide the next steps.

Management, Care, and Home Remedies for TB Support

While medical treatment is essential for both inactive (latent) TB and active TB disease, certain home remedies and lifestyle habits can support your recovery and boost your immune system.

Hygiene & Preventive Practices

Practice good hand hygiene: Wash your hands frequently with soap and water. Avoid touching your face to reduce the risk of spreading germs.
Cough and sneeze responsibly: Always use a tissue to cover your mouth and nose, then dispose of it safely. If you don’t have a tissue, cough or sneeze into your elbow.
Regular Check-ups: If you experience TB symptoms, consult your doctor immediately. Early detection can prevent complications.
Wear a mask in crowded places: This helps reduce the risk of spreading or catching infections.

Foods That Support Recovery

Garlic and Ginger: Known for their antibacterial properties, these may help your body fight infections.
Turmeric: Its anti-inflammatory properties can support your body’s healing process.
Fruits and Vegetables: Rich in vitamins and antioxidants, they help strengthen immunity.
Protein-Rich Foods: Eggs, pulses, and nuts are essential for rebuilding strength during recovery.
Warm Soups and Broths: These provide comfort, hydration, and nourishment, helping your body recover faster.

By taking these steps, you’re not only protecting yourself but also those around you. Combining natural remedies with prescribed treatment can support your recovery and help keep your immune system strong.

Key Takeaway

Tuberculosis is serious, but with early detection, proper medical treatment, and supportive home care, recovery is possible. Strengthening your immune system with healthy foods, good hygiene practices, and regular check-ups can make a big difference. Stay informed, take preventive steps, and seek medical advice if you notice any symptoms — your health is worth it.

References for Further Reading:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Treating Tuberculosis

World Health Organization (WHO) - Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis Overview by Ellis H. Tobin; Debbie Tristram.(2024)

Frequently asked Questions(FAQ’S)

1. Is tuberculosis communicable?

Yes, tuberculosis (TB) is contagious and spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. However, it does not spread by sharing plates, shaking hands, or casual contact.